The Sociological Definition of Anomie

Anomie is a social condition in which there is a disintegration or disappearance of the  norms and values that were previously common to the society. The concept, thought of as â€Å"normlessness,† was developed by the founding sociologist,  Ãƒâ€°mile Durkheim. He discovered, through research, that anomie occurs during and follows periods of drastic and rapid changes to the social, economic, or political structures of society. It is, per Durkheims view, a transition phase wherein the values and norms common during one period are no longer valid, but new ones have not yet evolved to take their place. A Feeling of Disconnection People who lived during periods of anomie typically feel disconnected from their society because they no longer see the norms and values that they hold dear reflected in society itself. This leads to the feeling that one does not belong and is not meaningfully connected to others. For some, this may mean that the role they play (or played) and their identity is no longer valued by society. Because of this, anomie can foster the feeling that one lacks purpose, engender hopelessness, and encourage deviance and crime. Anomie According to Émile Durkheim Though the concept of anomie is most closely associated with Durkheims study of suicide, in fact, he first wrote about it in his 1893 book  The Division of Labor in Society.  In this book, Durkheim  wrote about an anomic division of labor, a phrase he used to describe a disordered division of labor  in which some groups no longer fit in, though they did in the past. Durkheim saw that this occurred as European societies industrialized and the nature of work changed along with the development of a more complex division of labor. He framed this as a clash between the mechanical solidarity of homogeneous,  traditional societies and the organic solidarity that keeps more complex societies together. According to Durkheim, anomie could not occur in the context of organic solidarity because this heterogeneous form of solidarity allows for the division of labor to evolve as needed, such that none are left out and all play a meaningful role. Anomic Suicide A few years later, Durkheim further elaborated his concept of anomie in his 1897 book,  Suicide: A Study in Sociology. He identified anomic suicide as a form of taking ones life that is motivated by the experience of anomie.  Durkheim found, through a study of suicide rates of Protestants and Catholics in nineteenth-century Europe, that the suicide rate was higher among Protestants. Understanding the different values of the two forms of Christianity, Durkheim theorized that this occurred because Protestant culture placed a higher value on individualism. This made Protestants less likely to develop close communal ties that might sustain them during times of emotional distress, which in turn made them more susceptible to suicide. Conversely, he reasoned that belonging to the Catholic faith provided greater social control and cohesion to a community, which would decrease the risk of anomie and anomic suicide. The sociological implication is that strong social ties help people and gr oups survive periods of change and tumult in society. Breakdown of Ties That Bind People Together Considering the whole of  Durkheims writing on anomie, one can see that he saw it as a breakdown of the ties that bind people together to make a functional society, a state of social derangement. Periods of anomie are unstable, chaotic, and often rife with conflict because the social force of the norms and values that otherwise provide stability is weakened or missing. Mertons Theory of Anomie and Deviance Durkheims theory of anomie proved influential to American sociologist Robert K. Merton, who pioneered the sociology of deviance and is considered one of the most influential sociologists in the United States. Building on Durkheims theory that anomie is a social condition in which peoples norms and values no longer sync with those of society, Merton created the structural strain theory, which explains how anomie lead to deviance and crime. The theory states that when society does not provide the necessary legitimate and legal means that allow people to achieve culturally valued goals, people seek out alternative means that may simply break from the norm, or may violate norms and laws. For example, if society does not provide enough jobs that pay a living wage so that people can work to survive, many will turn to criminal methods of earning a living. So for Merton, deviance, and crime are, in large part, a result of anomie, a state of social disorder.

A Study On Sub Saharan Africa - 1051 Words

Imagine yourself living in the worst conditions ever in Africa where many people live less than a $1 a day. Your living conditions are so bad that you are deprived of the most basic human needs where you don’t even have access to clean water, shelter, medicine and food. Now imagine where hundreds of millions of people in Africa living like this. What you think about such a horrible living condition? Before I started my work on this topic, I was already aware that poverty is a tremendous issue in Africa through my research in reading articles online. What I didn’t know was that the scale of poverty was so tremendous and that it’s very widespread in the continent. But in my paper, I will be focusing primarily on Sub-Saharan Africa. Before I started this research, I didn’t have much focus on this issue, but after learning this, I became more interested in it. By conducting this research, I want to know exactly how big this problem is. 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Product Strategy and Chocolates Management

Question: Discuss about the Product Strategy and Chocolates Management. Answer: Introduction Haighs Chocolate Company is known as the largest brand in Australia as it produces the varieties of chocolates and also flavours of chocolates. It also has largest store in Australia. Haighs Chocolates is founded by Alfred Haigh who has small ice cream and dessert shop in 20th Century. Now, it is a family business along with constant management style nada their business are associated strategically. This chocolate brand is mostly famous and successful brand in South Australia as it is made up of handmade chocolates. This company is famous for its long term relationship and strong maintained relationship with its loyal customers and target customers. This company is considered as the fourth generation chocolate producer where raw cocoa beans are poured in the German machine for the purpose of using it in Festive season. Here, the researcher will make a report about the competitive advantages and positioning of Haighs Chocolate Company, along with this; it will also describe the strength and weakness of the company through applying SWOT analysis. The paper will show the marketing objectives and target market of the firm, by showing all the designs and posters used by the company, the report will show how Haighs Chocolate uses its promotion and product strategy to gain its objectives. Analysis and Evaluation of brand (SWOT Analysis) Strengths Weaknesses It reduce labour cost It has high growth rate It provide monetary assistance and support It create barriers of market entry The company gives future trends of about 30% to 55% (Baker, 2013). The firm is much more robust of about 27% to 55% than any general economy The company shows a strong relationship with the partners and the suppliers The company has an inability for expanding its business Due to inability to expand the business the company cannot be able to establish certification from the fair trade foundation. The company does not have future profitability (Haigh, 2017). The company faces some of the barriers Opportunities Threats The company has an opportunity for new markets The company also ventures capital The industry has the opportunity of profitability and growth rates (Haigh, 2017). The firm has new technologies that are available at reasonable rate of about 10% to 48% The industry faces a recovery The company has the threat of increasing costs Automation is unknown for the company The industry a strong level of competition, also from the other chocolate firms (Haigh, 2017). In order to maintain high quality the company has the challenges towards perishable goods Competitive Advantage and Positioning The main competitors of the firm include Cadbury, Mayfield Chocolates and Nestle with the entire firms that operates in a highly competition food producing industries. These are the known competitors of the firm that are framed while the market is meeting the demands and requirements and also the management if supply chain works with the perception for making much greater competition in the market. Haighs chocolate is the mere chocolate producer which delivers high standard and branded chocolates. The company aims to regulate the quality of chocolate successfully (Njuguna, 2009). Competitors of the company deal with the development and also it signifies for adopting the corporate behaviour for long term surviving. The requirement for attracting the customer and employees and also innovation along with a respect to right type of talent establishes high level of development (Njuguna, 2009). The company also maintains standard quality as well as introduces new trendy products and goods each and every year which maintains the culture of its family successfully. The companys competitors such as Nestle, produces wide ranges of products like breakfast cereals, packaged water, chocolate drinks and also baby foods while Haighs functions only with varieties of chocolates. The company is functioning successfully and owns a brand image as high quality products are provided by the company. The firm gives the customer delight through giving a huge varieties of chocolates in many different flavours such as milk chocolate, liquor chocolate etc (Njuguna, 2009). The company operates towards strong interaction that establishes along with the public by visiting to the factory in order to observe the manufacturing procedures. The firm even sales through online, as well as e-commerce on the basis of platforms that provides opportunity for expanding the sales to new markets. The firm also develops the shares of the market through expanding in the global markets. Marketing Objectives When the Haighs is considered as the integrated producer then with it the retailers are able to make control where the delivery is made on the design of the standard forum of return then there is created the phenomenon of the distribution packaging (Haigh, 2017). The procedure is utilized for the purpose to represent the goods and commodities which are to be made distributed in a random manner. The action which has been executed is for the five years that covers the years from 2011- 2016. The main marketing objectives of Haighs Chocolate are to manage the brand awareness and also featuring goods from dark decadence range and varieties as a first step to sign loyalty (Njuguna, 2009). The company even has short term objectives under which it targets to work closely along with joint ventures for advertising brand. This chocolate industry has long term objectives under which it creates brand awareness and set this as a benchmark that is to be accomplished in each and every new market. The company use joint venture that is TV advertising campaigns. The firm has the objective for compiling with competition and consumer Act 2010. The industry aims at increasing the shares of the market of cocoa delight gourmet chocolate by 18% in each and every Australian capital city (Baker and Hart, 2011). It also has the aims to comply with vision of dominance in the market as it targets to establish market. The company also has the objective for developing markets that will allocate 20% advertising cost for the brand awareness and along with this 30% of sales of machine made chocolates which will signifies the new markets that are on track for achieving the target of sales. Target Market A target market is the group of people whose needs and preferences are examined by organisations to match the product range of them. Determining an appropriate target market is great approach for benefit for a company. Determining a target market helps in creating a specific marketing campaign, enhance sales and also in decreasing the number of competitors in the market. Having a well-defined target market is now very much important for the companies (Januszewska, Viaene and Verbeke, 2001). The target market that Haighs plays is the targeting customers who are seeking high quality premium chocolates (Santich and McAllister, n.d.). The company is among the few providers of premium chocolates but the quality of the brand ensures its dissimilarity from other chocolate brands. Here is the market segmentation for Haighs chocolate: Geographic segmentation: It is the first segmentation strategy. In average, an Australian consumes an average of 7kg of confectionary annually in which 77% of the confectionary sales are related to chocolates, which makes Australia a market of more than $2 billion (Santich and McAllister, n.d.). Haighs must use the nature of its country citizens and countrys climate to promote its brand. Demographic segmentation: Demographic segmentation variable includes the age, gender, family size, income and many more (Januszewska, Viaene and Verbeke, 2001). Australia is among the richest countries around the globe and the citizens are always in hunt of luxury lifestyle. Haighs must use its premium chocolates to ensure that rich people of its country only buys its premium chocolate products. Psychographic segmentation: This segments the target market according to their lifestyles. Its variable includes activities, opinions, attitudes and values. The lifestyle of Australians are quite luxury so Haighs will have no difficulty in selling costly products. Behavioural Segmentation: this segmentation is based on customer actual behaviour towards the product. The brand loyalty of Haighs in chocolate is quite solid among its consumers. Benefit segmentation: This segmentation requires marketers to divide the market based on the perceived benefit of the product or service. This form of segmentation is usually applied in all forms of industry (Baker and Hart, 2011). Some of the benefits that consumers expect from Haighs chocolate management are simple payment procedures, high quality premium chocolates, rewards and discounts in online shopping. Target market of the company looks out for high quality products, exclusive brand image, good service and helpful store staff. Usage rate segmentation: This segmentation divides the consumers according to how much they consume the product. In average, an Australian consumes an average of 7kg of confectionary annually in which 77% of the confectionary sales are related to chocolates (Shekhar and Raveendran, 2013). Thus, Australians consumes a lot of chocolates which is helpful for Haighs to enhance its revenue. Product strategy The management of the company gets its technique of high quality premium chocolates from Swiss in the year 1950, and with it, it has managed to design its store and promotion successfully. By this way, the company has produced the basis of international chocolate brand for the chocolate of Haighs brand (Shekhar and Raveendran, 2013). The company aims in remaining attractive and operates under the model of high vertical supply chain model. The majority of the mass sold in the business are purchased as raw materials and most of them are sold from own network of stores (Shekhar and Raveendran, 2013). Its vertically integrates supply chain has excellent governance over the products and has high level of independence to promote superiority in reprocess of in-between packaging. In this packaging design, chocolates are placed in paper cups by hands rather than plastic melded trays. It is a bio plastics cardboard which is 100% biodegradable. The packaging of this form includes down-gauging cartons to reduce the material consumption and to increase the recycle content (Shekhar and Raveendran, 2013). It is done in this way to promote the fact that fibre in the carton board is sustainable. Haighs mainly develops collectable and reuse gifts pack from fabric bags, wooden containers and tinware to reduce the amount of disposable packaging (Sondhi and Chawla, 2016). This way, it also offers a unique range of ever-changing seasonal gifts. For having a unique product in its chocolate range, Haighs could invent a new chocolate bar with different fillings in it. This chocolate bar would have different fillings inside combining the different chocolate varieties from its premium chocolate range into a large chocolate bar. It could contain different types of truffles, dark chocolate, Turkish and Italian taste and many more into it. Pricing strategy Haighs Chocolate industry has fixed their price along with the classification of the products where the products are creating the use of it. They are fixed with the selection of the consumers as well as the law of supply and demand-chain is made applicable (Jovanov-Marjanova, 2012). The company believes that with the quality comes price. As the quality of the chocolates is quite high so it requires continuous marketing to be on the top and the price of the Haighs products is also much high in few cases, on the other hand it is quite reasonable (Baker and Hart, 2011). Products like, Haighs dark chocolates, milk chocolates and liquor chocolates give the taste of raw chocolates at reasonable price. Haighs chocolates are considered to be premium brand of chocolates because of the positioning but still for the purpose of lower priced chocolates, it is even agreed around several target segments. Haighs chocolates have wide varieties of products in the chocolate segment as well, as the pricing of each chocolate is quite distinct on the basis of the kind of the customers and choice of the customers who can buy it (Blocher, 2007). In all these circumstances, the Haighs chocolates brand is the clear winner which is priced in high and also low variants; the brand has the position of gifting and also the selling sales volume highly at higher prices. Place strategy (distribution) The products of Haighs chocolate operate under high vertical incorporated model of supply chain. The collection of products sold with the business with respect to raw materials with the number of stores. The small amount less than 5% is sold with the wholesale through the help of retailers which functions in niche market location and promotes as well as enhance the sales of the networking stores (Gabrielli and Baghi, 2014). The company is placed at Adelaide along with the factory as well as the visitors centre and it is available from Monday to Saturday for the tourists. The visitors and the tourists have the opportunity for dealing with the fresh quality of chocolates and also high premium chocolates after visits (Januszewska, Viaene and Verbeke, 2001). There are even particular places in Australia where all these chocolates doesnt get advertise as well as fit the promotion of these products the places are selected in a way for maximizing the product capacity in various entire locat ions (Hatch and Schultz, 2008). Due to the channel distribution, the costs of Chocolates are quite high but still on the basis of the demand in the market, the cost are going to be high. Promotion Strategy The Product of the company outlines a continuous communication with its customers on packaging and sustainability through promotions, social media and advertisements. Promotion is defined as the publication of a producer, organisation or venture in order to increase the sales or public and brand awareness (Hatch and Schultz, 2008). It is an activity that supports or encourages a cause or aim. Some of the tools that Haighs utilises are advertising, sales promotion, public relation and direct marketing. Company does the advertising through different types of media such as newspaper, television, direct mail, magazine and the internet (Sondhi and Chawla, 2016). It also uses the sales promotion activity top grab the attention of new customers, in order to reward the existing customers and also to increase the consumption of occasional customers (Hatch and Schultz, 2008). The promotion strategy of the company helps in attracting new customers and also in increasing the market share. It assists companies by enhancing the sales and by increasing the value to the customers. Conclusion From the above report the researcher has found that the main competitors of the firm include Cadbury, Mayfield Chocolates and Nestle with the entire firms that operates in a highly competition food producing industries. These are the known competitors of the firm that are framed while the market is meeting the demands and requirements and also the management if supply chain works with the perception for making much greater competition in the market. It has been also found that The firm even sales through online, as well as e-commerce on the basis of platforms that provides opportunity for expanding the sales to new markets. The firm also develops t5he shares of the market through expanding in the global markets. The report has found that the Company use joint venture that is TV advertising campaigns. The firm has the objective for compiling with competition and consumer Act 2010. The industry aims at increasing the shares of the market of cocoa delight gourmet chocolate by 18% in each and every Australian capital city. It also has the aims to comply with vision of dominance in the market as it targets to establish market. The company believes that with the quality comes price. As the quality of the chocolates is quite high so it requires continuous marketing to be on the top and the price of the Haighs products is also much high in few cases, on the other hand it is quite reasonable. Products like, Haighs dark chocolates, milk chocolates and liquor chocolates give the taste of raw chocolates at reasonable price. References Baker, A. (2013). Teaching Quality Control with Chocolate Chip Cookies. Teaching Statistics, 36(1), pp.2-6. Baker, M. and Hart, S. (2011). Product strategy and management. 1st ed. New Delhi: Pearson Education. Blocher, M. (2007). Market Testing und Target Costing. Verwaltung Management, 13(4), pp.199-204. Gabrielli, V. and Baghi, I. (2014). Online brand community within the integrated marketing communication system: When chocolate becomes seductive like a person. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(4), pp.385-402. Haigh, S. (2017). HAIGHS CHOCOLATES. [online] Available at: https://www.qad.com/documents/case-studies/haighs-case-study.pdf [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Hatch, M. and Schultz, M. (2008). Taking brand initiative. 1st ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Januszewska, R., Viaene, J. and Verbeke, W. (2001). Market Segmentation for Chocolate in Belgium and Poland. Journal of Euromarketing, 9(3), pp.1-26. Jovanov-Marjanova, T. (2012). Marketing research of the chocolate market in Macedonia. Marketing, 43(1), pp.62-76. Njuguna, J. (2009). Strategic Positioning for Sustainable Competitive Advantage: An Organizational Learning Approach. KCA Journal of Business Management, 2(1). Santich, B. and McAllister, P. (n.d.). Haigh's chocolates. 1st ed. Shekhar, S. and Raveendran, P. (2013). Chocolate Packaging and Purchase Behaviour: A Cluster Analysis Approach. Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(6), p.5. Sondhi, N. and Chawla, D. (2016). Segmenting and Profiling the Chocolate Consumer: An Emerging Market Perspective. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 23(2), pp.123-143.

Global Innovations Challenges free essay sample

Global Innovation’s Challenges Based on the case, Peter Vyas had a hard time to decide whether he will support or reject their request for the $2 million in funding for RIMOS. Vyas and his team still believe that the product will be successful despite of the failures they encountered during the product’s development. Peter has Strong Leadership character. He Immediately focused on fixing low morale and growing turnover and carefully selecting entrepreneurial minded individual to fill up the gap created prior to his taking this role. Vyas was successful at keeping his team engaged throughout the planning and development stages of their new product. Cynthia Jackson, Vice President Water Management Division, is also looking forward with the RIMOS project although she heard lot of negative comments from other managers about the Filtration Unit. She also helped the team to solve some issues that might lead to failure of the product for the third time. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Innovations Challenges or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is very specific in some points in the proposals in each phase. She throws questions and challenge the team but she do express her concerns and ideas. The team made a three-phase process proposal as what Jackson has been ordered or challenged. On the first phase which is about the General Product Concept and Market Analysis, the team failed to indicate data on their target markets. Their proposed retail price which is $2000 for RIMOS is expensive. Many people can’t afford to buy the product. On this phase, Jackson requested the team to reduce the production cost. In the second phase, the team started to design the actual product. They made more efficient designs at the same time decreases the manufacturing costs. On the third phase, the team