Sonification and the Concept of Song and Lyrics

Question: Talk about the Sonification. Answer: Sound and Music Individuals frequently invested their relaxation energy in diversion joints where the film is appeared, or music played as a method of causing them to feel loose. Both film and music influence individuals across societies and land areas due to the declaration of mankind that they convey. The structuring of beats to interface with the words and mood and words in music assumes a pivotal job in fulfilling the taste and enthusiasm of various audience members. It is imperative to comprehend the importance of a reliable progression of words in music just as how the utilization of non-discourse sound assists with accomplishing effective introduction of information from sets of information. Sonification and the Concept of Song and Lyrics Sonification is the formation of sound to transfer data that is as words or information. This action includes recognizable proof of reasonable melodic soundtracks to speak to data rather than the typical utilization of discourse ( Bodle, 2006). The beat of music is a delicate angle that can generally be seen in a situation due to its capacity to excite sentiments. Music can impart all the more effectively in light of the fact that the data it conveys can contact numerous individuals and be comprehended by both educated and uneducated. The capacity of sound to draw in the crowd invigorates creative mind and makes individuals mindful. The setting where an example of sound is played educates the crowd regarding the circumstance even without anybody converses with them. Information on sound handing-off data without discourse is applied on account of rescue vehicle alarms which ready street clients that there are a crisis circumstance and calls upon them to comprehend and make ready for t he emergency vehicle. So also, movie makers utilize sound to make the state of mind motion pictures since sound tracks help to move the crowd and direct their response towards a circumstance (Jones, 2011). Simply a similar path as perception where pictures are utilized to speak to various shapes, sizes, and shade of information, sonification is additionally material to message. People can make the sound of their inclination to speak to certain data about them or to recognize others. The emblematic connection of sound in customizing instant messages makes sonification ( Barret, 2016). Innovative headway has prompted the creation of versatile devices which proprietors can utilize their most loved ringtones and soundtracks to uncover the guest or to distinguish the sender of a message. By tuning in to the sound, one can affirm what it is about without taking a gander at the cell phone. Ringtones are additionally used to separate the sort of correspondence by demonstrating whether it is a call, email or message ( Akiyama, 2014). The utilization of sonification to depict the sort of message is a method applied in morning timers where the proprietor establishes an alarm pace to convey an upd ate ( Hass Brandes, 2009). Thus, when school chimes ring, their sound is a normal sign that directs the following action in class or for the entire school. Electronic signs are introduced at the passageway of certain homes to educate the occupants when guests come around. Verses are the words that a performer forms and records subsequent to conceptualizing on the thought and topic of a tune they need to discharge. There must be some solid to draw in audience members and for the verses to convey the expected message. The last duplicate of the tune is an arrangement of the verses and non-discourse sound starting from the sound that is incorporated intentionally to draw in the crowd to tune in to the melody ( Cobussen, Meelberg Truax, 2016). Diagnostic Discussion of Text Sonification Correspondence through email and messages has had an upward pattern as of late, and numerous individuals have grasped it in view of the accessibility of portable contraptions, for example, cell phones and PCs ( Perry Lee, 2007). During the time spent conveying, clients of this portable hardware should be advised in a flash in the event that new are sent to them for them to keep up the progression of criticism ( Mohd Wong, 2008 ). There is the extremely negligible utilization of sound notices, for example, tune tones to help in passing the messages. While trying to see how messages can be encoded into a justifiable tune, Alt, Shirazi, Legian and Schmidt occupied with exploration to concentrate how clients can utilize tune to know the goals of a message even before taking a gander at the substance of that message. There center around text sonification and its effect on texting incited thoughts to complete a study and talk about the different impacts that go with the utilization of warn ing tones to convey messages. Cell phones have stages for capturing the kind of correspondence, for example, messages and calls that come through and examine the substance for the client. Using the Application Programming Interfaces, a melodic portrayal of a message can be made to assist clients with knowing the goals of an approaching message or tell who the guest is on the grounds that a tone is allocated to speak to various individuals (Filimowicz, 2014). At the point when clients become acclimated to visit tunes and notice tones of various messages, they learn of the substance and importance of those messages thus they can have the option to recognize what sort of message the tunes allude to in future. The First errand for new clients is to gain proficiency with the specialty of deciphering the melodic messages, after which it turns into a standard speculation and comprehend the goals of a message. The melodic portrayal of words in a message gives clients a clue on what the mess age is about. It is subsequently contended that utilizing text tones empowers a client to get the correspondence without perusing the message (Sinha, 2012). Early exploration and developments, for example, the Morse code for conveying utilizing non-verbal ways and the Audio Abacus that changed numbers into tones framed the premise of the use of sound to speak to instant messages (Walker, Lidsay Godfrey, 2003). The way toward changing a message into a song includes the transformation of each character in the message into a tone for the entire message to make a tuneful tune. The expectation of a message is imparted by thinking about the accentuation, watchwords, and feelings in each character of the message. The impact of utilizing tunes has influenced the impression of clients towards messages in light of the fact that no-adjusted messages are not handily checked or perused. Aims that various messages speak to decide the message-checking conduct of clients. Clients take additional time before perusing question messages on account of the propensity to finish the main job first. Get to-peruse time for dynamic embodied messages is quick since positive messages are frequently tended to with direness when contrasted with negative messages which clients set aside the effort to peruse and react ( Kim Wattanapongsakorn, 2015). The finish of the overview done on sonification had various discoveries. In the first place, it was discovered that there are no significant contrasts among performers and non-artists in understanding the goals of brought together messages. This infers understanding the tune or tone of messages doesn't depend on the information on utilizing or playing an instrument. It was likewise discovered that genuine client conduct relies upon the expectations of a message since messages with positive aims are checked and perused quicker than negative messages and questions which are checked later. A melodic portrayal of a message makes it be progressively appealing and gives it a superior possibility of being perused and reacted to. Scrutinize of the Findings While encoding a message, it 's difficult to know the translation that the collector will append to the tune or brought together message due to various individuals their advantage and inclination. The sender of a tune may send it with the expectation that it summons positive response just for the collector to see it as negative. The contention that individuals peruse and react to positive messages quicker than the negative ones is in opposition to genuine circumstances. The direness with which individuals manage questions negative messages is quicker, in actuality. This is obvious in the manner individuals react to crises and calamity. During such time, individuals act expeditiously regardless of the correspondence being negative ( Vihalemn, Kiisel Harro-Loit, 2011). Moreover, the innovation in creating tones for singular characters in a message could be expensive for individuals to grasp. This abrogates the single bit of leeway that utilizing tunes is a simple method of understandin g messages without perusing. The Listening Machine Discussions over interpersonal organization stages have been expanding after some time as consequence of the production of progressively online networking locales, for example, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram. These discussions are people groups articulations either written in words or introduced as pictures. The listening machine can create music content from the discussions on the informal community, as concentrated by Daniel Jones and Peter Gregson, it was utilized to convey continuous correspondences through bound together tones that could be heard over the web. This depended on Twitter discussions in the UK and planned for creating live sound using melodic tones to speak to words in the posts of those holding discussions on Twitter.The printed examination of meetings is finished by semantic investigation of the conversations and transferring that data to the sound workstation that has melodic components to dole out tones to different words in discussions. The subseque nt music is then transmitted to online audience members as the discussion on Twitter happens. The working structure of the listening machine depended on four particular phases of activity. The main stage was the audience which observed the internet based life stage to test the topic of conversation and identify new discussions quickly they are posted. Besides, the phonomat dissected the posts, arranged the substance and laid out the predominant words in discussions on Twitter. The conductor was the t

Newspapers and Television Media Forum Types Essay

Papers and Television Media Forum Types - Essay Example The analyst expresses that there are gigantically critical issues that the two papers and TV bring up, and under the areas of the political systems, the equivalent become much progressively significant. These touch upon the negativities that have damaged the legislative issues of the time, the steady advancements occurring for the general population, the between linkages and connections that have sprung up once in a while among the political powers, et cetera. The need is to see how the papers and TV have had the option to cover pretty much everything that is important to the general crowds, who are the majority undoubtedly. The component of uncovering the political procedure is something that moves into the open with the fuse of the papers and TV over the long haul. What is much increasingly essential is an understanding that papers and TV have been related with discovering the subtleties that no other road of life has had the option to summon up. The component of influence appended to the two papers and TV is there in light of the fact that individuals rely upon them for their validity that they bring to the fore. Only the way that the news is available on the wireless transmissions or in the print proposes that it has believability which could be trusted upon and looked for check from the individuals who are accountable for the equivalent. Be that as it may, there are trust issues among the individuals from various cross-areas of life however pretty much, the individuals do accept the composed word and the news that are run on the TV. Inside a political crusade, the influence is a center premise of the work that the papers and TV do. Both these media gatherings essentially instruct and educate the voters about the job regarding the ideological groups and the battles that are being finished. What is considerably progressively critical is the way that the component of influence gets a permanent impact on the brains and hearts of the individuals in the event th at they have perused it in the papers or seen it for their own selves on the TV. A component of belongingness appears to join what is there on the papers and on TV. This is the motivation behind why numerous political battles community on the utilization of the two papers and TV for their political mileage just as to arrive at select objective crowds. This is one of the center reasons why gigantic achievement has been accomplished inside the related positions under the conversation of influence paving the way to the political battles and procedures.

The Education Systems of England and Saudi Arabia Essay - 1

The Education Systems of England and Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Training in England is necessary under the law. Likewise in Saudi Arabia, training is emphatically worried in the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith [teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad] which requires instruction for each Muslim. In England, the law under Section 7 of the 1996 Education Act expresses: 'The parent of each offspring of necessary school age will make him get productive full-time training appropriate (a) to his age, capacity and fitness, and (b) to any extraordinary instructive needs he may have, either by normal participation at school or something else.' (Barrow, 2007). A huge part of understudies in England get support for their instruction from open assets. Additionally in Saudi Arabia the administration stretches out help towards training to the degree of giving month to month payment to meriting understudies. 'The all out spending plan for advanced education (colleges, ladies' universities and the Ministry of Higher Education) was US$2.5 billion of every 1985. This sum comprises 3.6 percent of the all out spending plan for Saudi Arabia, and 34 percent of the all out training financial plan. All college understudies likewise get a month to month payment of $300 (all figures for 1985).' (Sedgwick, Ed., 2001). Training framework in England is organized in 6 distinct levels. ... All college understudies likewise get a month to month payment of $300 (all figures for 1985).' (Sedgwick, Ed., 2001). Instruction framework in England is organized in 6 unique levels. In Saudi Arabia, the instruction framework is comparatively organized by level in spite of the fact that with certain evident uniqueness with how the framework is established. 'More than hundred years of age, the UK instruction framework is fundamentally organized in six unique levels. They are: Pre-school or pre-preliminary training, Preparatory instruction, Primary training, Secondary instruction, Post-sixteen instruction, and Post-eighteen training.' (Indobase Ltd.). Sedgewick (2001) unveiled that essential instruction comprises of grade school and middle of the road school; auxiliary instruction comprises of general optional instruction, strict optional training, specialized optional school and further specialized and professional preparing; Higher Education; University Higher Education comprises of baccaloreus (multi year course), darajat al majisteer (graduate degree) and doctoorah (doctorate). Instructive System in England requires an assessment to test the information on understudies. In Saudi Arabia such an assessment is likewise required. In England, 'At 16 years old, understudies compose an assessment called the GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education). All understudies are tried in Mathematics, English Literature, English structure, science, science, material science, history or the Classics, one current language, and one other subject, for example, workmanship or PC considers.' (Barrow, 2007). Also, the British Council attested and posted 'Following five years of auxiliary instruction, understudies take assessments in a scope of subjects at the degree of General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). The GCSE is a solitary subject assessment set and

Controversial Essay Topics (Updated for 2020)

100 Perfect Controversial Essay Topics (Updated for 2019) Writing an essay on a controversial subject—which includes issues like abortion or the death penalty—has become an extremely important exercise at every level of education. One of the reasons why controversial essays are so often assigned in composition classes is that they help you hone your English communication skills. In fact, controversial essay topics can be assigned in any class and at any level of school. This guide will help you choose an appropriate controversial essay topic for any class, at any level of school from middle school onward. Whether you are a teacher or a student, this guide helps you choose appropriate controversial essay topics for each developmental stage. Most of these topics can be transformed into something more specific or more generalized, adapted to suit your needs or the requirements of the assignment. What is a Controversial Essay? A controversial essay is one in which you take a stand on a subject that people have very strong opinions about. Almost every topic can be made controversial by taking a radical or even absurd stand. For example, you could say â€Å"Ice cream producers should be forced to come up with better flavors and therefore vanilla and chocolate should both be banned.† Of course, most of the controversial essay topics you come up with or are assigned to write about will be more meaningful, about current events, immigration, healthcare reform, the death penalty, and other issues that get people angry or upset. Generally, a controversial essay topic will be presented in ways that have two sides: a pro and a con side. You will need to support the claims you make in a controversial essay with evidence from class readings or other credible sources. You can also use websites that deal specifically with controversial topics like ProCon for ideas on how to approach your controversial essay topic. How to Choose a Topic If your assignment is open-ended, you can choose from the following list of topics or allow these topics to give you ideas of something else that matters to you. Always remember that it is sometimes easier or more fun to take the opposite side of the one you actually believe in. You will find that it helps you to become more aware of the issues and more open-minded about why others disagree with you. Controversial Essay Topics Middle School Controversial Essay Topics Middle school is about when you will first be expected to write bout controversial essay topics. At this stage in education, you will mainly focus on the five-paragraph essay structure and how to write using formal language to prepare you for high school. The following are 20 examples of possible controversial essay topics you can use for middle school courses. School uniforms should/should not be mandatory in middle school because it takes attention away from how kids are dressed or how much money their parents have. Middle schools should/should not ban junk food and soda pop from vending machines or cafeterias to reduce problems like obesity. Should mobile phones be banned from the classroom? Does technology enhance or detract from human relationships? Teachers in middle school should/should not assign homework to allow students the opportunity to participate more in extracurricular activities or to reduce stress. Community service should/should not be required of all students in middle school. Violent video games do/do not make people violent. Art and music should be mandatory classes and valued as much as math and English in school. Sex education should/should not be mandatory. Prayer should/should not be banned from school. Burning or desecrating the American flag is/is not a fundamental civil right. Meat should be banned for animal rights and/or for environmental reasons. Should students also grade their teachers? Physical education should be mandatory. College education is/is not necessary for future success. It is ok to kill cows and pigs but not dogs and cats for meat. Should sports teams abolish the use of Native American team names and mascots? The government should mandate that men and women receive the same pay for the same job. Voting should be mandatory. An alien invasion would be good for planet earth because it would bring all human beings together for a common cause. High School  Controversial Essay By the time you enter high school, you will be expected to conduct independent research that you would use to support the claims you make when writing about controversial topics. The subjects that you write about might also be more sophisticated, building on the knowledge you are starting to accumulate in all of your different classes. When you choose among the possible controversial essay topics below, you may want to use outside sources to substantiate your argument. Abortion is not murder. The United States should ban all handguns, automatic and assault weapons, only allowing rifles for recreational hunting. All drugs should be legal so that the government can ensure they are safe and to reduce the power of organized crime. The minimum wage should be raised so that anyone working full time is able to afford all the standard daily life expenses. Teaches should be trained to use a gun and there should be armed security guards in school. Should slaughterhouses be banned, even if it would mean raising the price of meat? The death penalty should be banned. Affirmative action leads to â€Å"reverse discrimination.† Should healthcare be a basic right like education, guaranteeing that all people have at least some healthcare coverage via a slight increase in taxes? Should parents be allowed to microchip their kids in case of emergencies like abductions, runaways, or to inform medics of the child’s special needs? Cannabis should/should not be legal nationwide. The drinking age should/should not be lowered to 18, because being old enough to vote means being old enough to drink. Affirmative action policies are necessary due to the persistence of unconscious discrimination and institutionalized racism. The United States should build a border wall both with Canada and Mexico to prevent further problems with undocumented immigrants. Religious fundamentalism is more problematic among Muslims than among Christians. Although it does require some athletic skills, cheerleading is sexist and unnecessary. Do schools teach enough practical life skills such as how to invest your money or how to resolve interpersonal conflict effectively? Is enough being done to discourage gender tracking in school, such as expecting boys to do better in math and girls to do better in language arts? Religion does more harm than good. Companies should be required to make all salaries transparent. College  Controversial Essay Topics In college, writing about controversial subjects becomes commonplace. You are expected to write about subjects far more in depth, using substantial research that draws from specific subject areas. All police officers in the United States should be given the same standard type of training and given psychological assessments in order to reduce corruption and unnecessary use of force. All college students should be required to spend at least one semester abroad. Undergraduate tuition should be free or even viewed as an extension of mandatory grade school education. Which is a more globally pervasive form of discrimination: gender, class, or race? The #metoo movement has gone too far, leading to senseless accusations of sexual misconduct without discussing the more important issues like unequal pay. Gender is socially constructed. The United States government should construct a reparations plan to mitigate the economic, social, and political problems lingering from the failure of Reconstruction. There is no evidence of a historical Jesus. Is America truly the land of opportunity or do underprivileged people have almost no chance of overcoming barriers to success? It is easier to change human behavior using marketing tactics than using the law. The United States should follow the Dutch model of liberalizing physician-assisted suicide. Menstrual care such as sanitary pads should be tax-free and/or covered under health insurance policies. Preventable illnesses should not be covered under insurance policies. The government needs to take a more active role in mandating that energy companies bring to market sustainable energy products and services such as electric cars or solar panels. It would have been far more effective had the Union worked with France and England to impose a trade embargo on the South to pressure the Confederacy into abolition rather than resorting to a bloody war. Wage transparency and salary caps would be an ethical and effective method to reduce the severity of income disparity. Media literacy and science literacy need to become more pressing priorities for public service and public health organizations. The war on drugs has failed and continues to drain resources from domestic and international law enforcement and counterterrorism organizations. Cyberterrorism is the single greatest threat to global and national security. Climate change is the single greatest threat to global and national security. Current Events  Controversial Essay Topics Writing about controversial essay topics related to current events is something you should get used to doing by high school or even earlier. Current events include news stories within the past year—topics that affect the world, your country, or your local community. To find controversial essay topics that treat current events, just pay more attention to the news and locate subjects that interest you or which pertain to your class. The following examples from recent current events should be enough to get you started. 1. The United States should intervene to help overthrow the Venezuelan government. 2. Facebook is becoming too invasive, especially since it is now linked to several other social media apps. 3. Anti-vaccers have become a major public health problem, and the government needs to crack down on parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. 4. The Islamic State is not as defeated as the government would have us believe, as extremists will simply transform themselves into another terrorist organization. 5. The Ethiopian Air crash will inevitably reveal criminal negligence within the Boeing organization. 6. President Trump is guilty of abuse of power by officially declaring immigration a national emergency. 7. The Mueller Report should be released to Congress in its entirety. 8. With climate change disasters a pending inevitability, nations around the world need to work together immediately to put in place disaster relief strategies. 9. The Democratic party lacks cohesive leadership and direction and should take a more decisive left-leaning stance. 10. Conglomeration has been dominating the global business landscape to a dangerous degree. 11. The pipeline disaster in Mexico is only one of several other recent examples of why there should be an immediate halt on the construction of future oil and natural gas pipelines. 12. The high-profile college application cheating scandal does nothing to address the underlying problems and root causes of inequities in higher education. 13. Although it is important to discuss institutionalized sexism and abuses of power, the accusations against Joe Biden were trivial and serve mainly as politically motivated slander as opposed to a genuine means of reducing sexism. 14. The European Union has considered a mandate to all automobile manufacturers to limit the top speeds for consumer vehicles. 15. As Botswana considers ending a ban on elephant hunting, and Iceland continues to allow whale hunting, greater international pressure should be placed on protecting animal rights. 16. Failure to adopt a cohesive Brexit strategy illuminates the reasons why the referendum has proven a complete failure. 17. The United States is not even in the top five countries according to a complex ranking system involving factors like human rights, gender equity, and environmental policy. 18. The new name of North Macedonia is a sound compromise that will pave the way for the nation’s admission into the European Union. 19. Racism and fascism continue to flourish throughout Europe, evidenced in incidents like the violent protests against Roma people in Rome. 20. Europe’s immigration policies are as contradictory and problematic as those of the United States, with just as many instances of humanitarian crises throughout the Mediterranean. Immigration  Controversial Essay Topics Immigration policy in the United States has become one of the most controversial topics. Interestingly, immigration has almost always been a top issue in America. The nation has defined itself as a country of immigrants since the first settlers arrived on the Mayflower. Since then, attitudes towards newcomers have fluctuated. Chances are, you will have the opportunity to write about controversial topics related to immigration at some point in your academic career. Examples of specific topics you could cover include the following: Criminalization is an ineffective way of dealing with those who have violated current immigration policies. Immigration policies need to change in light of social, economic, and political realities. The best way to address the immigration crisis is to form North American economic bloc like the European Union. The private sector can take the lead in reducing many of the problems associated with illegal immigration, such as by establishing more corporate headquarters in Central America to stimulate job creation. Children of parents who overstayed their visas or who entered the country illegally should be permitted to remain in the United States. Regarding immigration policy, it is better to err on the side of caution to prevent criminals and terrorists from entering the country rather than to take the â€Å"bleeding heart† humanitarian approach. All race-based or nationality-based immigration policies should be categorically banned. Instead of cracking down on immigrants, the United States should liberalize its policies. The people who are labeled as â€Å"illegal† are usually doing the work no one else wants to do anyway, so the government should focus more on upgrading its own workforce rather than viewing immigrants as a threat. Starting with the Chinese Exclusion Act, American immigration policy has historically been racially motivated. Global population and labor migration has become inevitable and even desirable. The United States is not doing enough to promote immigration among highly skilled workers and focuses too much on enabling unskilled and low wage workers to receive Green Cards. There is no immigration â€Å"crisis,† and in fact the government and the media has blown the issue far out of proportion. Even if the majority of undocumented immigrants are innocent of any actual criminal wrongdoing, the fact that â€Å"bad seeds† do sometimes sneak into the country is enough of a problem to motivate building the border wall. Focusing on the US-Mexican border as the primary problem with immigration takes attention away from more sinister national security problems, namely terrorism. New immigrants to the United States are not given sufficient transitional supports to help with language learning and job hunting. Until a sensible solution is found, the United States should simply put a halt to all new applicants. People who are caught for violating the terms of their visa, or for entering the country on false pretenses should be deported immediately and banned from entering the country. The federal government should withhold funding to â€Å"sanctuary cities† that provide humanitarian services to â€Å"illegal immigrants.† Canadians and Mexicans should be allowed to live and work in the United States indefinitely under a special North American labor market agreement. Conclusion Sometimes choosing a controversial essay topic can be the most challenging part of the assignment. In some cases, choosing the controversial essay topic will be harder than writing the writing the essay. If you were already given an actual topic to write about, that’s great. If not, it can take you hours just to figure out what you want to write about. This guide takes some of the hard work out of your hands by giving you some ideas of things you can write about when assigned a controversial essay assignment. Choose carefully. It is usually best to pick controversial essay topics that interest you or that you already feel strongly about on some level because these subjects will be easier for you to write about.

Movie Marketing - 6914 Words

CONTENTS Media, messages and styles used by Indian marketing communicators of Films 1. Overview of Indian Film Industry and Market 2. 4Ps concept applied on the movie industry as a whole 3. Overview of the film making business 4. Classification of movies from a producer’s or distributor’s point of view 5. Classification of movies as products 6. Publicity of movies 7. How different media is used for publicity of movies? 8. Alterative marketing methods 9. Music as a promotion tool 10. Hollywood marketing strategies in India 11. Messages and styles used for promotion of films 12. Bibliography Objective: To find out the Media, messages and styles used by Indian marketing†¦show more content†¦A movie product is the intellectual property that can be ported to a variety of deliverables: theatrical exhibit, non-theatrical exhibit, video tapes, DVDs, CDs of the soundtrack, collectible editions, television and cable broadcast, Internet-served etc. Then there is merchandising such as clothing, toys, games, posters. Another product dimension is that of franchise rights, endorsements, product placements and a host of offshoots that are bought and sold, leased and rented. The movie business is one of the most complexes in the communications industry because of its creativity, its diversity and its continual explosions of technological delivery options. PRICE At first glance, pricing in the movie industry seems very standardized. At any multiplex is cinema hall, a movie ticket costs the same for all movies, doesn’t it? But if we look into the broader definition of the movie product just defined, then the prices fluctuate widely. A distribution contract can be structured in many ways that result in very different returns for the producer, the key creative talent, and even the distributor. Elements that are negotiated include: â™ £ Theatrical release schedules â™ £ Territories and market segments â™ £ Revenue splits, percentages and order of payment â™ £ Promotion budgets (PA) Apart from these pre consumer stage pricing differences, we see a wide range of pricing structuresShow MoreRelatedMovie Marketing1404 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Case I would like to analyze the movie marketing before the launch using the model 8. 1 Simple communications model, 8.5 Advertising essentials and 8.2 AIDA and the promotion mix. Before the movie is launched the movie marketers have to communicate with their target audience. 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How Television Images Affect Children - 1547 Words

How Television Images Affect Children by Ron Kaufman [A nursery school teacher told me] her children were crudely bopping each other much more than previously, without provocation. When she remonstrated with them, they would protest, But that s what the Three Stooges do. This attitude did not signify a serious undermining of character. But it certainly showed me that watching violence can lower a child s standards of behavior. Recent psychological experiments have shown that watching brutality stimulates at least slight cruelty in adults, too. -- Dr. Benjamin Spock, from the book Baby and Child Care, 1968 Fifty-seven percent of television programs contain psychologically harmful violence, according to a study funded by the cable television industry. The study, released February 7, 1996, tracked 2,500 hours of television programming. This was the largest sample ever analyzed by researchers. Oh, that s ridiculous! Television is not harmful, it s just entertainment. 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Extending the Use of Market Orientation

Question: Discuss about a Report on Extending the Use of Market Orientation? Answer: Introduction The Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) is one of the leading Environmental Charitable organizations which endeavors to protect, conserve sustain UKs oceans, waves and beaches. They are successful in their objective as they involve community action, education, volunteering jobs and scientific research to improve the state of the Oceans and the beaches and change the publics behavior and the government attitude and industry temperaments towards their objective (Greenfinder.co.uk, 2015). A main part of the organization deals with acquiring and retaining memberships so as to broaden their range and spread their message across a richer target. This will not only help the organization to grow but will also create the right market for communicating their message and propagating their campaign (frey, 2015). SWOT Analysis The analysis of the organization is needed to understand its strengths weaknesses and strategic alignments which will further help in planning the campaign and the understanding the organization. Strength- the organization is a charity community with volunteers and a committed membership whose sole aim is to protect UKs marine environment and generate concerns and actions in that area. It is authentic and has already achieved great success Weakness- the organization runs on limited funds and donations and in the recent light of fewer donations it needs a rise in the number of memberships and donations Opportunity- there is a wide berth of opportunities in the area that it has a wonderful website and presence in the digital and social media which will help the organization to communicate its message properly and reaches the target consumers directly. Threats- limited funds; other charitable organizations on human health and animals, communication barriers like opinion leaders are some of the factors which might have a negative effect on the organizations endeavor to reach the consumers. Proposed Campaign Title The Proposed Campaign title would shortly and precisely define the objective of the campaign and the subject and goal the campaign will achieve. Since the organization is concerned about recruiting and retaining membership for the charity to raise funds and propagate the message, the title should refer to the requirement of the campaign. Hence the title of the Campaign should be Join @ SAS (Sargeant and Wymer, 2008). Communication Context The design and construct the communication plan research and analysis of the current market, the consumers and the study of the present communication strategy need to be done. This will give a clear idea on what should be the new message and how it should be communicated and to whom (Turner, Miller and Gilbert, 2015). The Market The UK market is striving with charitable organizations. Each of the organizations is competing for the valuable time and money of the people. In 2012 there have been a huge cut in public spending and the donation fell by a fifth, thus increased the demand for charitable donations. Also with the rising concern for the climate and other issues that are concerning the world charitable organizations have come a long way in promoting concern and action towards mitigating issues and implementing sustainability. The overseas aid charities received a total of 10% donation, animal sector 6% and only 3% for environmental cases. The people are less concerned about environmental health and are yet doubtful of the fact that there donations are properly utilized. Hence it is very important to create a market for the indulging in the environmental charity of keeping the UK coastal ecosystem maintains (Hankinson, 2000). UK Charity HotSpots (Experian.co.uk, 2015): The Charity Consumer The people who thrive due to the charities are the coastal communities and businesses that depend on that natural habitat and are generally partakers of the charity institutions. The common citizens are slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues which are concerning the world. The high involvement people are generally more concerned about the effect of their consumption methods which influence the environment and wants to really work for the environment while the low involvement people e more in the good feeling they experience after donating(Ethicalconsumer.org, 2015). The main consumers or donors of the institutions consists of the teenagers and young adults within the age bracket of 16 to 24 years old and elderly people above 55 years old are the most generous donors. The middle aged people are most doubtful about the charitable organizations and are less keen on joining (Thetravelfoundation.org.uk, 2015). The Current Promotion/Communication Strategy The Surfers Against Sewage has used wide range of media vehicles to promote their charity campaigns and awareness communication. Starting from events, sponsorship programs to promotion through website, advertising in all available media and short films in SAS TV and SAS YouTube channel and social media pages as well are the strategies that have already been implemented (Sas.org.uk, 2015). There are newsletters different activities and a genuine call for fundraising in activities which are continuously and constantly propagated through UK media (Protectourwaves.org.uk, 2015). Objectives and Audiences The objectives of the Join @ SAS is to promote the charity in order to achieve membership recruitment and retention for creating an impact on the market, spread their message and complete the task within the limited budget or fund that the institution has in store (Pride and Ferrell, 2007). Proposed Objectives The aims and objectives of the Marketing Communication Campaign are: To create a communication plan that will directly reach the target consumers To attract people who will easily join hands with SAS to donate for the community services, events and campaigns To make sure the people are feeling benefitted through the donations somehow or having atleast a good impression about the organization and their involvement with it To sustain and retain the membership in order to create reputation and strong ground for the organization To promote and propagate the messages to all corners of the Country and influence more people to join the organization To develop and nurture the charity in order to take it to greater heights and fulfill the organizations aim of conserving, beautifying and protecting the waves and beaches of the UK Coastal ecosystem Target Audience The target audience is the people that are to be targeted through the marketing communication. They are the people who are asked to join with SAS and employ their valuable time and money and continue to do so. Market Segmentation Demographic- the age, sex and income of the people fall in this criteria. The people should be middle aged of both the genders with a high to medium disposable income who will willingly and gladly donate and involve with organization Psychographic/Cognitive- the people will be highly environment conscious and will feel that the nature is at threat and it is their valuable involvement which is helping the waves and the beaches to survive and sustain. The people must feel proud and active in the whole programme (Hibbert and Horne, 1996). Behavioral- the people would be somewhere between high involvement and low involvement group. They would be less regular consumers but will form the new initiated to the donating for charity crowd. Their donations would be of a good quantity, timely and constant. The Target Group The target group will hence comprise of people above 45+ years, with high disposable income who are generous donators or are new to the whole scenario. Positioning The communication will place the organization in such order that people will perceive it as active, authentic, socially concerned and completely beneficial than the competitors of the Charity market. Desired Response The desired response is what the Surfers Against Sewage community expects after the full fledged campaign. This response would be three sided. The first part will see more and more people querying about the organization and its activities, visiting the office or the website, taking part in events. The second part will see a large number of donations from existing and new consumers. There will be an exponential rise in the number of memberships. The third phase will see the retention factor where people would not cancel their membership and will continue to fund and take part in events and activities, response from old consumers will also be gathered who were previously wheeling away from the organization (Chad, 2013). Proposal The business proposal is to design, construct and market a communication strategy which will ensure that the objective of reaching towards the target consumer, recruiting and retaining membership for Surfers Against Sewage charity program (Amar, 2011). Marketing Communications Tools Before discussing the marketing communication tool the marketing elements are discussed. The marketing element briefly contains 4Ps which are: Product- it is the membership of the SAS which is being sold here so as to obtain donations for charity and spread their message to a wider scale. Price- the budget fixed for the campaign is 5k and the donations that are required are of the same amount or more. Place- the main target area where the marketing activity will take place is going to be Britain and other UK nations. The target people will be mostly UK residents, tourists will also be targeted at. Promotion- it consists of the marketing communication tools which will finally be implemented as a marketing communication tactics (Clow and Baack, 2002). It is called the Promotional Mix it consists of: Advertising The direct promotion of the communication through advertisements in various forms and different media options is necessary. Advertisements in TV and print is costly the least should be done there using of new media and radio will be cost effective and genuinely attract the target group. It is a paid form of promotion and little or no feedback is received from this thus it will be hard to evaluate the efficacy. Public Relation It is a non paid form of promotion and will be most effective as it excels in creating a good relation and image. Liaising with media personnel is important as they will cover the stories and publish the stories regarding the environment sustainability programs and membership campaigns and its benefits. Sponsorship programs will also act as public relation events as this will feature the organization. Personal Selling It is the oral face to face promotion where employees, volunteers and other members of the organization will meet the prospective clients and directly promote the organization its activities and will influence the people to join. Sales Promotion Activities such as trade fair events and discounts and added advantages like a picnic sponsored by the organization at the beaches would definitely interest the target audience and thus it will generate an increase in the number of donations and memberships. The Message The message is the communication that needs to be propagated to the target audience. To design the message the consumer insight is required. The consumers of Surfers Against Sewage are very much conscious of the environment. Although they need a certain amount of motivation in order to rise and join forces with the organization. The target group consists of experienced people who are doubtful of the charitable organization and are speculative and hence the message must be crystal clear and direct to reach the target people (Smart Insights, 2013). The Campaign title- Join @ SAS Tagline- Join in for Cleaner Waves Message- Our Earth is the only paradise we know and ocean and beaches are our richest sources, be a member of Surfers Against Sewage and join the crusade against pollution and help protect the coastal realm. All the promotional prints and communications must carry pictures of clear blue waves. The message should also project how neglecting the ocean and beaches harms the scenic and aesthetic beauty of the places and how it endangers life (Snow, 2011). The focus should be on recruiting and retaining memberships, hence advertisements on beach picnics, photography competitions for the members are a good way to promote the campaign. Also there should be continuous meets and activities involving the members so that they feel good about themselves and believe that something constructive is happening. A media tour of the beach landscapes and water sports sponsorship will be effective communication of the message. Media The media options or vehicles that are chosen for the promotional activities that is to be undertaken (Bruce and Bruce, 2011). Broadcast, Traditional, Digital/Social Media Radio- sound of waves and then a voiceover would be of great affectivity as the target group will listen to the radio message when they drive. They will be conscious and hold it as important. It will reach a large amount of audience. SASTV/ SAS YouTube- short films shot by regular members as a competition will be effective enough in creating the right amount of interest and will provoke others to join in. Print- newsletters and infomercials in the magazines or newspapers will be read carefully by the target group and it will cost as no charge of space is required. New media- like telephonic promotion and social media campaigns in Facebook, twitter, pinterest and instagram would interest the youth and prolific users of the digital world. Budget Media Cost Advertisement in TV 1k Euro Advertisement in Radio 500 Euro Newsletter 200 Euro Sponsorship Events 2k Euro Social Media 5oo Euro Evaluation 500 Euro Total Cost incurred 4700 Euro The budget is minimal as it is a charitable organization which believes in utilizing its funds on taking actions to mitigate pollution, climate control and other sustainable activities. Hence the whole campaign should be broad, discreet and not an extravaganza of affairs (Wang, Lee and Fu, 2010). Evaluation The evaluation of the activities is a must to understand the result, output and the efficacy of the marketing campaign. Firstly the telephonic interviews will yield results of what the consumer generally feel and how pro are they towards membership subscription or donating. The second evaluation method is direct testing of the media activities by surveys and data analysis (Wlrstore.com, 2015). The evaluation will require time and it must be seen that it is utilizing the least of the budget. The old members are called for seminars and meetings along with the new recruits, their attendance will provide the answer to the marketing activity. After 3 months of the activity the surveys, number of membership subscriptions, number and amount of donations, fund raised must be tallied together to see whether the marketing campaign has yielded positive results. Conclusion The Surfers Against Sewage is a charitable organization which is protecting the ocean, waves and beaches of UK and generating public awareness and government policy for caring for the marine environment. But there are few constraints like lack of motivation in donating for charities and doubts regarding the utility of the funs which have lead to very low memberships and funds for the charities. To fight back these constraints and be successful in their ultimate objective the campaign for recruiting and retaining of membership for SAS is taken up. The membership will ensure that more people are aware about the issues and the organization and will actively take part in the actions and projects taken also raise donations for the activities. Thus finally a campaign is designed which will reach the communication to the targeted consumer and will be effective enough in convincing them and generating continuous funds. Reference Amar, Z. (2011). How can charities justify marketing spend?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2011/oct/05/how-charities-justify-marketing-spend [Accessed 2 Jul. 2015]. Bruce, I. and Bruce, I. (2011). Charity marketing. London: ICSA Pub. Chad, P. (2013). Extending the use of market orientation: Transforming a charity into a business.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(1), pp.10-16. Clow, K. and Baack, D. (2002). Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Ethicalconsumer.org, (2015). Charities and their social and environmental performance. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/commentanalysis/factsvgreenwash/charitiesandtheirsocialandenvironmentalperformance.aspx [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Experian.co.uk, (2015). Experian identifies the UK's charity hot spots Experian Marketing Services. [online] Available at: https://www.experian.co.uk/marketing-services/news-uk-charities-hot-spots.html [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. frey, d. (2015). Charity Marketing: Growing Your Business Through Charitable Giving. [online] Frugalmarketing.com. Available at: https://www.frugalmarketing.com/dtb/charity.shtml [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Greenfinder.co.uk, (2015). Environmental Charities Company Categories Greenfinder. [online] Available at: https://www.greenfinder.co.uk/companies/environmental-charities/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Hankinson, P. (2000). Brand orientation in charity organisations: qualitative research into key charity sectors. Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Mark., 5(3), pp.207-219. Hibbert, S. and Horne, S. (1996). Giving to charity: questioning the donor decision process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(2), pp.4-13. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2007). Foundations of marketing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Protectourwaves.org.uk, (2015). Ambassadors | Protect Our Waves Petition (Surfers Against Sewage). [online] Available at: https://www.protectourwaves.org.uk/ambassadors.php [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Sargeant, A. and Wymer, W. (2008). The Routledge companion to nonprofit marketing. London: Routledge. Sas.org.uk, (2015). Mission statement and vision | Surfers Against Sewage. [online] Available at: https://www.sas.org.uk/about/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Smart Insights, (2013). How can charities use social media to meet their goals? - Smart Insights Digital Marketing Advice. [online] Available at: https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/social-media-charities/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Snow, C. (2011). Advertising works 20. London: World Advertising Research Center. Thetravelfoundation.org.uk, (2015). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.thetravelfoundation.org.uk/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Turner,, R., Miller, D. and Gilbert, D. (2015). The Role of UK Charities and the Tourism Industry. 1st ed. [ebook] Surrey. Available at: https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/634823/3/Miller_framework.pdf [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Wang, C., Lee, T. and Fu, G. (2010). Journal of consumer marketing. [Bingley, UK]: Emerald. Wlrstore.com, (2015). Charity Performance Information, Expenses Latest Charity Research - Charity Market Monitor. [online] Available at: https://www.wlrstore.com/caritas-data/charity-market-monitor.aspx [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015].

Macbeth And Justice Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth And Justice Even though people in retributive justice feel satisfaction, the perpetrator can also suffer. William Shakespeare's powerful Macbeth shows the deterioration of an honourable and respectable general, Macbeth, who becomes a tragic hero after temptations from the witches and his wife to perform murders. Macbeth soliloquies enable the audience to experience the conflict within Macbeth and thus, gain an understanding of the reasons for his behavior and decisions. As a result, the tremendous reversal of Macbeth's fortunes in the end leaves the audience filled not with pity, but also awe, at the realization that people can suffer greatly. Macbeth's soliloquies before the murder of Duncan shows the vigorous internal struggle of himself, as his conscience is fighting against his evil minds. Also, they shows Macbeth has brought his own downfall upon himself. The audience will then feel pity about Macbeth's deterioration brought by himself when witnessing his choice of following the evil. Macbeth is a courageous and honourable general in Scotland. His success in the battle against the invaders of Scotland gains respect from the King Duncan and his fellow soldiers. However, the demonic forces, symbolized by three witches, temptates Macbeth. The witches hail Macbeth as the Thane of Glamis and Cawdor who will be king and hail Banquo, who is a nobleman of Scotland and Macbeth's friend, as one who will become the father of a line of kings. Macbeth ambition deep in his heart starts growing at that time. In Act I, scene iii, when Macbeth is thinking about the fulfillment of the two prophecies given by the witches before, "My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, shakes my single state of man"(I, iii, 139- 140) In this soliloquy, Macbeth reflects his idea about the "two truths" told by the witches. He is ambitious to become king, as he reacts nervously when the witches mention his fate. The very idea of murder "shakes his single state of man". However, at this! point, he is loyal to the king, and he rejects the idea of murder, "If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, without my stir."(I, iii, 143-144) The predictions by the witches may have strengthened the criminal intentions that he had probably never yet dared to express clearly, even to himself. He is not alliance with crime, he is neutral, but obviously temptation is working upon him. Yet, he might overcome the promptings of his evil ambition by an effort. After the battle, Macbeth is greeted with effusive thanks by Duncan. Duncan then announces that he will make Malcolm heir to the throne. In Act I, scene iv, Macbeth in his aside states that this announcement is a bar to his ambition and calls upon darkness to cover what he wishes to be done: That is a step on which I must fall down, or else o'erleap, for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; let not light see my black and deep desires: The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be which the eye fears, when it is done, to see (I, iv, 49-54) As Duncan makes the announcement, Macbeth starts wondering if murder is the only way in which he can achieve the kingship. His ambition overcomes his finer nature. He calls upon the stars to hide their light, indicating that his "black" desires comes out, and he thinks it is too evil to be seen. Macbeth's image of the eyes' winking upon the work of the hand is expressive both of his intense aversion to the deed and of his intense desire to get what the deed will accomplish. At the same time his "let that be" marks the point at which his fascinated contemplation of the thought of murdering Duncan becomes a resolution, although he will waver from it. The opposition between eye and hand is indicative of the civil war within him. In Act I, scene iv, shortly after Duncan's arrival to Macbeth's castle, Macbeth gives voice to his feeling concerning the rashness and the awfulness of the projected murder: If it were done when ?tis done, then ?twere well it were done quickly. If th' assassination could trammel up the consequence, and catch, with his surcease, success; that but this blow might be the be-ball and the end-all -- here. But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, we'd jump the life to come. But in these cases we still have judgment here. (I, vii, 1--8) At this point, Macbeth's character has fallen to the point where he

Philadelphia Experiment essays

Philadelphia Experiment essays The Philadelphia Experiment did happen. It was an attempt by the US Navy to make a ship that could not be detected by magnetic mines or radar. There is much controversy and misinformation about the experiment, and it appears that the government has tried to make it appear that the experiment never happened. The Eldridge (the ship) left New York for Bermuda on Sept 16th. From September 18 to October 15, it was used as a training vessel and used for sea trials. On October 18, it left for New York and remained there until November 1st. On November 1st to the 2nd, it left and traveled to Norfolk, and on November 3rd it left for Casablanca. The Eldridge arrived in Casablanca on November 22 and stayed there until November 29th when it left go to back to New York. The Eldridge arrived in New York on December 17. From December 17th to December 31st it traveled to Norfolk. This is all the history of the ship while the experiments were going on. The Navy said they never did experiments on the Eldridge at any time, but the government sometimes covers up things that go wrong. The government covered up much about the secretManhattan project? which kept the development of the atomic bomb secret.. One source of information about the Philadelphia Experiment is Carlos Miguele Allende, who was born on May 31, 1925 in Pennsylvania. On July 14, 1942 he joined the Marine Corps and was discharged. After being discharged he joined the Merchant Marines and was assigned to the SS Andrew Furuseth. On the SS Andrew Furuseth, Carlos Allende saw the Eldridge with his own 2 eyes. His story is bizarre. He stated that he watched the Eldridge transport instantaneously to Norfolk from Philadelphia and back in only a few minutes. He was amazed and wanted to know more about the Eldridge. When searching for Information about the ship he learned about the extremely odd occurrences. Allende wrote a let...

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Companies which are ready to use upgrade their human resources regimes are thus the ones who have found success in all relevant quarters of their business. With this necessary incorporation, they have been able to look at the ethical side of things as well since the moral grounds have been set in a proper manner and there are as such no apprehensions to state the least in the present times. A business can move from a position of stability to one of a complete unstable stance as it acquires different means of gathering the market and its driving factors that come along with it. The firm has to change its position with the changing times otherwise it will literally vanish away from its competitors and more so the customers, for which it actually exists. It must bring about technological innovations so as to meet the ethical guidelines and best practices which are geared up to make it sound, look and eventually feel different from the rest of the lot and in the long run, have a selling proposition in it and in its products that help it in winning the customers time and time again. [Cappelli, 1999] The work culture can be developed in a manner which suits the interests of the organization in the best form possible. For this to happen, it is necessary to understand that resources department has got an immense role to play in the related equation. We must understand that we live in a global world where human resources has of late been instrumental at dramatically changing the way we perceive the way in which people think, act and feel on the job. The basic dogma on which the dot com companies work is to reach out to the greatest amount of people and make those people as their clients within a short duration of time. This would be on the expense of not being at concern related with the loss in the stock prices. The culture which was adopted by these companies was of get large or get lost in the whole frame

Using examples of your choice critically examine how ideas about the Essay

Using examples of your choice critically examine how ideas about the nation or national identity have become an important part of contemporary culture and socie - Essay Example Britons constructed their identity in opposition to an â€Å"other†: Catholic France. Gender roles were central to this moderate Protestant national identity. By looking at eighteenth-century British writers such as Sir Walter Scott and by analyzing William Hogarths prints, it was clear how British identity was constructed as strong and â€Å"masculine† while â€Å"others† especially the French, were described as weak and â€Å"feminine† (Taylor, 2000: 63). National Identity as a Part of Contemporary Culture and Society: The diversity, the multitudinous cultural effects and the flexible symbols of the national produce an enormous cultural resource that is a seething mass of cultural elements. Culture, according to this conception, is constantly in the process of developing, of emerging out of the dynamism of popular culture and everyday life whereby people make and remake connections between the local and the national, between the national and the global, between the everyday and the extraordinary. However well established and institutionalised nations may become, they remain elusive, perpetually open to context, to elaboration and to imaginative reconstruction (Edensor, 2002: vi). There are several routes towards expressing identity that exist within this matrix, some branches of which wither, are renewed, and multiple connections which exist between cultural spheres according to Edensor (2002: 1) emerge. Despite the globalisation of economies, cultures and social processes, the scalar model of identity is believed to be primarily anchored in national space. Partly, then, the space in which culture and everyday life operates is indisputably the nation which is a social and cultural construct. Edensor: (2002: 3) states that the position of the state towards already existing cultures is complex, for certain cultures may be eradicated (especially in the case of ethnic or

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay Example for Free

Luxury Good and Burberry Essay 3. 2. 1Brand Equity Earning the royal seal of approval and outfitting the Royal Army placed Burberry on the map as â€Å"the original British luxury brand† but somewhere along the line, it became the raincoat brand known more for outfitting stuffy elder statesmen than the cloth of choice for the glamorous rich and famous. Burberry revamped its brand image, hiring new designers who took the signature plaid from raincoats to bikinis. Recent ads featuring British fashion icons like Kate Moss and Stella Tennant embody the essence of the new Burberry, depicting a modern edginess merged with a classic British elitism. Though they faced alienating loyal customers, Burberry balanced innovation with tradition to create an authentic, yet altogether more contemporary luxury offering. Since its reinvention, Burberrys equity has only increased, both in awareness and in meaning, that meaning now being relevant to a much broader audience. 3. 2. 2Brand Position Burberry under Bravo repositioned as a distinctive luxury brand with a clear corporate strategy aiming to broaden its appeal to new customers while retaining its traditional clientele. The reposition included †¢A highly distinctive advertising campaign. †¢A change of name from Burberrys to Burberry †¢A strong in house design team and the launch of Prorsum †¢Closure of unprofitable and non-core retail stores in Europe †¢Opening a new flagship store in London- New Bond street †¢Elimination of inappropriate wholesale accounts including the termination of distribution to known parallel traders; †¢Upgrading of the international Burberry London product range, including the restructuring of its sourcing and pricing, and the elimination of unnecessary product variation. 3. 2. 3Competition Burberry competitors are primarily in the Apparel Accessories Retail industry. Burberry also competes in the Cosmetics, Beauty Supply Perfume Retail, and Apparel sectors. Challenges facing Burberry today include increasing competition in the luxury goods sector. Companies such as Barbour are making progress in areas dominant by Burberry. As time continues the new companies of today are becoming brands of tomorrow and the luxury market is becoming highly competitive. Principal Competitors: In competition with Burberry there are a lot of companies like House of Fraser plc; Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation, Coach, Gucci. Burberry is wedged between lifestyle represented by Ralph Lauren and fashion represented by Gucci. Burrberry has effectively addressed competition by placing itself carefully so as to avoid direct competition but complicating the issue was the fact that burberry’s brand positioning placed it in indirect competition with both lifestyle brands and fashion brands. 3. 2. 4integrated market channels People use different channels for different reasons. Internet users bought products from a retailer’s offline store after viewing them on the seller’s Website. † Additionally, experience shows that television support for a direct marketing campaign can improve direct marketing response rates significantly. Each channel influences the others. Burberry operates e-commerce and other channels in the United States and across 26 European countries. Multiple channels converge into a unified user experience, if channels fail to offer a unified voice, look, and feel, Burberry may disappoint or frustrate customers. A multichannel user expects an integrated experience across all touch points with a brand or information source, and delivering on this expectation is the challenge for Burberry. This situation is more complicated by the presence of Burberry all around the globe. Till now Burberry effectively addressed integrated market channels. 3. 2. 5Price strategy Prices had been raised to reflect the Burberry’s new brand positioning. Serving a niche market sandwiched between labels like Polo Ralph Lauren and Giorgio Armani in apparels, and between Coach and Gucci in accessories. Burberry offered lower-priced labels for younger and fashion-conscious customer. At high end, Burberry offered the label Prorsum as a way to reinforce Burberrys positioning in the luxury brand. 3. 2. 6Retailing Burberry’s retail distribution is through DOS (comprising flagship and regular price stores), concession, designer outlets and factory shops. The flagship store are important since they act as a showcase for the brand creating a sense of theater through Burberry can promote a lifestyle and its product ranges . The store are also used to trial new products and concepts, and they carry exclusive lines. Burberry flagship stores are normally require upwards of 10,000 square feet of space and are specifically located in exclusive areas of key cities around the world like London, Tokyo , Barcelona , new York etc. A part of its repositioning a number of stores were closed , renovated or relocated according to image and performance. Burberry continues to move from a relatively static, traditional, wholesale structure to a more dynamic, retail culture and mindset. Burberry became more consumer-centric, responsive organization. This move positively impacted on directly operated stores, franchise partners, wholesale customers and licensing partners worldwide. 3. 2. 7Wholesaling The Wholesale channel includes independent retailers. The wholesale customer include leading department stores and specialty store , including duty free retailers and free standing Burberry store operated by wholesale customers. Burberry selects wholesale customer on the basis of reputation and market positioning. It also works with wholesale customers on a store by store basis to ensure the right product mix. Burberry effectively came out of parallel trading and deteriorated quality in wholesaling under the leadership of Bravo. 3. 2. 8Logistics Through concentration on operational activities, such as replenishment, planning, merchandising, fixturing and visual, Burberry continues to drive store productivity. In addition, Burberry has developed and piloted a sales and service programme which will be implemented globally in retail stores. 3. 2. 9Advertising Burberry believes that its active marketing and management of the brand has been critical to its success. Marketing initiative like advertising and fashion shows and editorial placements are intended to generate editorial coverage and achieve a high profile and consistent visibility in in domestic and international markets. The advertising has articulate the brand values through innovative visuals that have helped formulate a merchandise strategy and provided inspiration for what Burberry could stand for in a contemporary market. In common with most luxury brands where average advertising spend is as high as 10 percentage of sale, Burberry sees advertising as key in strengthening its brand and image. In 1998 the company began its successful advertising strategy to re-launch and reposition its brand. It hired advertising agency Baron Baron and celebrity photographer Mario Testino, whose work had appeared in Vogue, The face, and Vanity Fair, using model Kate moss and Stella Tennant, among others, to inject contemporary sophistication and excitement into what had become a tired traditional brand. Mario Testino helped to visualize the brand. Kate moss has arguably been the most high profile face associated with the campaign, although other celebrities have been involved in the publicity. The powerful black and white images of Moss in bikini were key in capturing the attention and imagination of public. 3. 2. 10Direct marketing Burberry uses the following direct marketing channels. 1. Burberry collects certain personal information from customer for example, name, postal address, phone numbers, e-mail addresses. They use this information to manage customer’s account with them and to provide you with information about our products. Burberry sometimes ask for other details, for example product size and category preferences, age and any special dates (such as birthday and anniversary) which will be used to enhance our service. 2. Email updates and news on Burberry collections and on-line exclusives 3. Wishlist creation for Burberry products. Burberry is effectively utilizing above channales but they can expand more in this are using catalogue, telemarketing and directTV. 3. 2. 11Product strategy From a simple raincoat to a global brand, Burberry has become one of the worlds most successful luxury brands today for men, women, and children, encompassing not only outerwear, but clothing, fragrances, accessories and items for the home. Today Burberry has become an icon. It is a brand with a distinctive British sensibility, strong international recognition and differentiating brand values that resonate across a multi-generational and dual-gender audience. Burberry revitalized its brand by developing the long term effective product strategy. The steps Burberry took to revitalize itself are †¢Consistent projection of Burberrys distinctive luxury message across all mediums is a core objective. †¢Celebrity Endorsement †¢Effective Advertising †¢More Selective Distribution †¢Placement of Advertisement in Exclusive Channels e. g. Fashion show †¢Market penetration and invest in product development †¢Flow frequency: Increasing the frequency of flow of new products to Burberry’s stores. †¢Replenishment: Developing a more extensive and responsive replenishment programme in all product divisions, while evolving in-store visual merchandising and processes to support. †¢Continue to represent British culture, history and tradition 3. 2. 12International marketing Asia represents significant growth opportunities for Burberry as it does for other luxary brands. Japan is the Burberry’s most advance consumer market in asia and its initial point of entry into the region having been there operating there since 1920 brands. The core Burberry men’s and women’s lines have been extended to more fashion forward youth oriented collections – Blue label for women and Black Label for men – both aimed at the under-25 age group. This group has proved particularly receptive to the Prorsum international runway collection. Outside the japan, Burberry has consolidated its distribution in Hong Kong, Singapore and korea. It has new childrens wear business in korea, has opened new prestige stores in hong-kong and undertaken new market initiatives in Singapore Upgrading store image. The Group continues to renovate high profile locations worldwide with a brighter, modern aesthetic and more efficient and productive design concept. In 2008/09, Burberry achieved a 50% increase in revenue from key emerging economies including China, the Middle East, Russia and India. These markets now contribute 9% of sales, up from 6% in 2007/08. Historically, Burberry has operated in these markets through local partners who possess the specific knowledge and resources required to develop the brand in their respective regions. In September 2008, Burberry entered a joint venture with its main partner in the Middle East to manage retail and wholesale operations in certain key markets. Since inception, Burberry Middle East has opened four stores, including two standalone childrenswear stores. Burberry continues to open stores with franchise partners in other markets, with a net eight stores opening last year, including a net two in China and the first significant stores in India.

Defining Leadership and Management Essay -- Leadership Management

This essay will focus on the meaning of leadership and management, why the two concepts are often used interchangeably and which one is the most relevant in the Tourism Industry. In order to answer these questions, it is necessary define the two terms providing evidences and arguments from different authors about the characteristics, roles, similarities and difference. In conclusion after look at all the different points of view, this essay will evaluate the importance of each term in the context of Airline and Airport Industry. The leadership is complex and can be defined in different ways. The term comes from the combination of two separated words leader and ship, and appeared in the early nineteenth century (Gill, 2006). Antonakis et all (2004) suggest that leadership can be interpreted the influence that one person has on other people behaviour or actions. One comes to think that leader is a person who is in control of a group or team in organisation, the leaders stimulate and motivate the team in order to give a grateful contribution to the organisation for achieve a better results. This is confirmed by Murphy (2004) who said that leader act as a guide, looking at individual behaviour, also they help organisation look after staff, they inspire and stimulate individual contribution on the development and success of the organisation. There are greater interest in know if the leadership is something nature, people born with, or is something that people need to learn. Support for this Adair (1997) suggests that normally the organisation expected that, a leader need to have certain basics qualities before became a leader, but also is something that people can learn from experience or training. There are certain qualit... ...lso most important managers or leaders need to be concerned on the importance related their communication with staff. A defence of this argument Gill (2006) suggest that â€Å"leadership and management can be approached in different ways based on different models of managing and leading†, but a good managers need to understood, exercise and appreciate the leadership responsibility that is expected of them. Works Cited †¢ Adair, J. (1997) Leadership skills. 1st ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). †¢ Antonakis, J. Cianciolo, T. A and Sternberg, J.R. (2004)†¦. 1st ed. London: Sage Publication. †¢ Gill, R. (2006) Theory & Practice of Leadership. 1st ed. London: Sage Publication. †¢ Grillo, J. (2010) the difference between leadership and management [online] available at: http://www.leadershippost.com [accessed: 08/11/2012].

1960’s course work the Beatles

Source A can tell us many things about the impact of the Beatles in the 1960's; they were considered new fresh and an extremely â€Å"cool† band. They were a nation wide love, everyone seemed to be watching then as their first priority, with shops and stalls all closed when the Beatles were on television. Even in rush hour, when many people were normally trying to make their way home or get to their destinations, the streets were deserted, everyone knew where and what time the Beatles were playing. It was as though the nation was put on to pause when the Beatles were about to perform. Joanna Lumley herself remembers being in a hurry to get home in order to not miss the Beatles playing on TV. The fans watched eagerly as though the Beatles were a drug many people were addicted to. The Beatles seemed to have caught every ones hearts and eyes; they had a new approach to music which seemed to be able to attract almost everyone. Many people saw the Beatles as icons; they were ‘cool, hip, smart, lippy, charming and funny.' Definite icon qualities attractive to the young and the general public felt they could relate to them, often being called by their first names. The Beatles new approach to music , however , was not only loved by the public but was also highly influential in the entertainment and music industry providing inspiration to many bands and changing the face of music forever. For some people the 60's was seen to be the best times of the life's due to the new entertainment and what the Beatles brought in the way of fresh new music -‘it was very heaven to be alive'. Question 2 The effects of pop music in the 1960's are shown in source A, B and C, however all in slightly different ways. Source C is a description of a Beatles concert by Paul Macartney in 1984, he talks of there being a lot of screaming- therefore implying more screaming than in 1984, when people must have been more held back and more reserved than the 60's when at concerts seeing the live bands fans went crazy for seeing their star. This point was supported by source B, a description of a concert at which the stones were playing. However the audience is described a ‘maniacal, screaming mob'. They both talk of an extremely load and energetic crowd. However Paul Macartney believed many people exaggerated the crowds so they seemed like a manic mob when all they really wanted was to see their idols and the possibility of getting an autograph. It seems Macartney really knows what he is talking about and comes across as being nice and genuine to his fans talking of him chatting to his fans instead of running away from them in the manner of Jonny Ray. The way the Beatles were with their fans, being so friendly and willing to talk to them, may have been one of the reasons why the Beatles became so big. Source A really supports this fact, and tells us a lot of how big and popular they really were describing it as though they were everyone's purpose to get home when they were performing on television. Source A does support source C on this point however I don't think it supports it in any other way. Source B on the other hand doesn't really support source C as they are extremely contradictory about what is said about the effects of pop music on fans being harmful or just very enthusiastic. Macartney knew that the fan crowds were completely harmless and controllable. Where as some stars such as the stones saw them as being dangerous, when all they really wanted was to be as close as possible to their pop star. The sources were all written some time after the 1960's period, leaving time for exaggeration, source B is written closer to the 1960's than sources A and C, and to me seems to be less likely to be exaggerated and more truthful about the facts and information that is given to us in the source. Although the sources do support each other on certain aspects, they don't really give us a broad view of the effects of pop music in the 1960's telling us very little apart from how big some bands were and how the fans reacting to them. Question 3 Sources D and E are not particularly useful in helping you to understand why many young people believed that the 1960's gave them opportunities they had never had before. I think that the source were not particularly useful as they tell us only one aspect of young peoples lives at the time. However source D, and advert fro a popular music show ‘Ready, Steady, GO' in the TV times in 1965 does tell us some useful points. The presenter, Cathy McGowan, was at the time an extremely popular model and an idol for many girls in Britain. They would copy her hair styles and dress sense. So fro many people it was the one show to see if u had an idol as they were likely to be shown on this show. It was the only show at the time which showed the public their music stars performing without them having to go to a concert. People were fanatical about seeing the show, it was compulsory viewing and the one and only time in the week the public got to hear and see popular music. Although very popular the show tended to represent older tastes in music and did not cater fro teenagers. The source is good in showing that music and popular culture had a great impact upon how people viewed television and how celebrities became real stars, and were able to become idolised by the young. Source E, a description of radio in the 1960's, was written in the 1990's and there fore like some of the other source has the possibility of being exaggerated. However the source does tell us some useful point whether exaggerated or not. Radio before the 1960's did not cater to the teenage audience and the source implies that many teenagers had nothing much to listen to that was provided on the radio for them, before the invention of ‘Radio Luxembourg'saying that many teenagers were stuck with their parents. The new channel provided precisely what the young wanted, and because of that, would have been extremely popular providing a channel that played popular new music which no other radio station had done before. It was a great opportunity in the eyes of the young and the channel which was specifically directed towards them played nothing but pop music and was very commercial, the older generation were not so fond of it. But it helped music to become a much more dominant talking point for the young. Even thought reception was dismal and faded out every minute or so it was the only way to hear pop music on the radio at the time and many people now remember it fondly. The two sources both support the fact that music and celebrities were more broadcast and that for them was a huge opportunity, however neither of them tells us anything of other aspects of opportunity in teenagers' lives and are therefore not very useful in helping us to understand why many young people believed they had more opportunities. Question 4 The 1960's was a period of great changes, some for the better and others consider by some people for the worst. Some people did not like the changes that occurred and came to see the 1960'd as a period of bad influences on British society. Source F is part of an article from the Daily Mail, a conservative newspaper, reflecting right-wing political views. This shows how Mrs Whitehouse had traditional views and values and it is portrayed in the article that she was not pleased by the changes in the 1960's. The source talks about Mrs White house launching ‘a national campaign' to help writers who she believed deserved to have their work shown on television rather than the television shows she obviously disapproved of such as ‘Coronation Street' which started on ITV in the 1960's and showed everyday life. She obviously believed many programmes unsuitable to viewers and thought that they should be replaced with more Christian viewed programmes, replacing the scenes of sex, drugs and violence with more traditional valued programmes. Mrs Whitehouse would have also been a different generation, a teenager in the 1920's with less power than that of the teens of the 1960's.the 1920's were different for social Values, with a far more traditional type of society were teenagers had less freedom of expression and more responsibilities. In source G we are told of a singer, Janis Joplin who was extremely popular and at a time where music played an important part in social life popular singers were idolised. Many bands at the time were taking drugs, drinking, and staying out late in popular clubs and at the time there was a huge drug culture. Many other bands and musicians such as the top Mod band, The Who, wrote and performed what appeared to be socially dangerous music. They were also part of the ‘Psychedelia movement', encouraging experimentation with drugs. It was these people , Janis Joplin and The Who , which the young idolised and had great influence over, to people like Mrs Whitehouse they were bed role models and set the scene of drugs to seem ‘cool' and acceptable. Although Janis Joplin was a worse case scenario, she died of a drug over dose this at least showed teenagers the problems of drugs. Teenagers appeared to be following in their idols footsteps and it somewhat seemed as tough they were being encouraged to be rebellious and have freedom of expression rather than have responsibility and obligation. Many saw the introduction of the contraceptive pill and the legalisation of abortions as an increase in sexual immorality and were seen with disaprovement. The combined effect of the pill and abortion however did allow women to plan their lives with more ease and effectiveness. They could then limit the number of children and decide when they wanted them. This provided many women with more control over their lives. However Mrs Mary Whitehouse would have and I am sure did believe that they would encourage immorality and sex before marriage which were both against the Christian beliefs. Some also believed that it could lead to a break down of social values. Some people began to believe that these changes were not a good thing for society, and that the changes were undermining the family and as a result creating a weaker society, it would have been people such as Mrs Whitehouse who would have seen things in this way, people who believed in more traditional views and values. Whether this is correct I do not know, however even though something's such as drugs were more than likely a bad influence on society, without many of the changes the world would have become a very different place and women would possibly lead very different lives. Things such as the pill and abortion were definitely in my opinion great movement in science and a huge advantage fro women, however I can see why people with Christian views were opposed to it and how they later become to se the 60's as a period of bad influences with a higher rate of teenage pregnancies it is possible to blame it on the changes and a possible increase in sexual immorality. I think that many people who thought it was a period of bad influence were possibly mostly the older generation – Mrs Whitehouse's generation who felt afraid of the dramatic change in society and the behaviour of the young in the 1960 in comparison to their day. They would have also been the right age to have children of teenage to twenties who would have been experiencing all the changes the society now allowed them. Such as drugs and even dramatic changed in fashion with the introduction of the mini skirt, a huge thing at that time to be wearing a skirt 8 inches above the knee and it was so new and different. For many people change is scary and this was a period of huge change some good some bad however it is always easy to look back and see only the bad and not what was good from the 60's also. Question 5 The quote ‘Popular culture in the 1960's did more harm than good' I believe to be untrue. The 1960's did have some bad points which were possibly bad at that in that period and have not continued through to this day whereas most of the good things that were brought about in the 1960's such a new fresh exciting music ‘rock ‘n' roll' and new bands such as the Beatles, the new fashions and social ways of life have been continued and adapted to the way of life which we lead nowadays. The 1960's was highly dominated by teenagers, they had more money from a new affluence and were able to buy more music records and clothing and were respected by the entertainment industry (source H) for what they did for music and television. Source A tells us of ‘Beatle Mania' the Beatles were one of the most popular bands and were highly influential upon teenagers and the music industry. Source A is useful in telling us the extent of the effect of the Beatles upon the general public and how popular they really were. However the source is possibly exaggerated as the writer Joanna Lumley looks back on her past. I believe the public chose the Beatles to be their number one band because of their sheer personality on and off stage, but was equally as much to do with their musical style and material, and with the British youth with far more control over what was popular and what wasn't, they decided the Beatles were the best, taking the rest of the country with them. The Beatles pioneered the British cultural invasion of the states and the world and allowed many other bands and creative people to follow in their footsteps and show the world what they could do. The fact the Beatles music is still known and liked today shows they were an extraordinary band, and the way they saw their fans and audiences differently too many other bands would have help in their success. In source B a concert is described and The Stones were playing, the writer of the source ‘doubts if the stones ever played so close to their audience again.' and describes The Stones being surrounded by ‘a heaving maniacal mob'. This was not how Paul Macartney described his audiences, yes they were usually hysterical but never harmful. He describes them as screaming a lot but not appearing to be scary or in any way threatening. I believe that the Beatles and the many other bands of the sixties made the way for the way our music is now, so many bands are influenced from bands from the sixties and many bands today which try to invent their own individual style like the Beatles had. The Beatles seemed to sum up the sixties with the music they wrote, their clothes, hair, accents, and their off hand attitudes they were a recipe fro success. However their impact upon teenagers was unbelievable, they became not just performers, they were heroes. I think this type of idolising someone was harmful however, what with the drug culture in the 1960's many bands including the Beatles were taking drugs. Source G, a extract form a biography of Janis Joplin, a rebellious teenager with a powerful blues voice became highly successful and lived a life of ‘sex, dugs, and rock ‘n' roll' always taking things to excess she died of a drug over dose in 1970. It was people like these who were obviously highly covered in the media through their popularity and the drug habits and the way that all of them were doing it made it seem socially acceptable. These people were the young's idols they looked up to them and copied what they did, the example they set was not the right one and that it was probably one of the reasons some people came to see the sixties popular culture as doing harm, and I probably agree with that. However I do think that the popularity of drugs died out as the years went past and although people still take them today by no means are they considered at all socially acceptable. Television and radio were also greatly changed due to the new market of teenagers wanting to hear pop music. New radio stations were set up, such as the start of ‘Radio Luxembourg (source E) after producers realised that teenagers were the way of the future. And the teens didn't even mind if the reception was lousy and faded out every minute or so it was the only radio station that gave them the chance to hear the music they wanted to listen to, and there was nothing like that before. Then in 1964 ‘Radio Caroline' began broadcasting, this was pirate radio but was extremely popular with teenagers who could hear non stop pop music for the first time. However was extremely unpopular with the BBC and the government who tried to have them banned. The new shows introduced on to TV such as, ‘Ready, Steady, Go' (source D) and ‘Top of the Pops' showing the pop music stars performing in front of their very eyes without having to go to a concert. ‘Ready Steady Go' was compulsory viewing and had a wonderfully catchy cry,' the weekend starts here!', giving the feeling of excitement and freedom. The presenter at the time was a popular model and with fashion being very influential upon the young it was yet another reason to watch the show. To most people the music industry was just as case of the young having fun but some people saw the young losing their sense of responsibility and obligation. Others saw other programmes as being morally un-suitable such as the new programmes showing life as it really was and more scenes of sex, alcohol, and drugs. People such as Mrs Mary Whitehouse believed this (source F). She believed that the traditional family values were being lost through the wrong and influential shows on television and that they should be replaced with more Christian shows which had a sense of purpose. However the 60's didn't sacrifice things such as education as there were nearly twice as many people in full time education in 1969 than in 1961. Showing that the young were just having a good social life and were being better educated as a generation. I think overall the 60's did more good than harm, the period brought in many new and exciting things and gave women more control over their life with the introduction of the pill and legalisation of abortion. Fashion was new and exciting and always changing with the invention of the mini skirt which was controversial to say the least. I do think that young people were encouraged to act irresponsibly and it somewhat seemed almost expected of them. However I don't think it has done any real harm to society in the long run. However I think without all the changes that took place society would have been a worse place of less freedom and more constriction, I don't think the changes that took place have done any real harm and that the changes would have probably taken place in some other period if they had not happen it the 60's.